什么是必需脂肪酸?

EPA(二十碳五烯酸),DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)和DPA(二十二碳五烯酸)是在海豹油中发现的欧米伽3必需脂肪酸。鱼油中仅含有EPA和DHA。

尽管DPA、EPA和DHA共同发挥作用以保证人体的正常功能,但科学研究已经表明每种脂肪酸具有其独特的益处。

在修复受损血管方面比EPA有效10倍

一项科学研究表明,经DPA预处理的内皮细胞迁移所需的最大刺激仅需1/10浓度的EPA。这些数据表明EPA对内皮细胞迁移的影响通过DPA发生,DPA也在修复受损血管中起重要作用[i]

可提升EPA和DHA的吸收效果以获得更好的结果

DPA和EPA的吸收模式有很大差异。2013年欧洲营养杂志发表的研究显示,在进行了仅4天的DPA补充后,甘油三酯中EPA的比例升高至原有的3.1倍,DHA比例升至3.1倍,DPA比例升至2.3倍。研究还表明,连续4天的EPA补充不会改变任何类别脂质中DPA和DHA的比例,这与DPA不同。[i]

更有效地降低心血管疾病的风险

2010年进行的一项研究表明,海豹油补剂的益处优于鱼油。用于实验的两种油的欧米伽3脂肪酸含量相近。但鱼油的DHA含量较高,EPA含量较低,DPA含量极低。在服用14天补充品后,食用鱼油的健康受试者体内欧米伽3脂肪酸总水平提高了41%,食用海豹油的健康受试者则提高了63%。这项研究的结果表明直接摄取DPA或摄入源于EPA的DPA,可有效增加人体中欧米伽3脂肪酸的水平,从而降低心血管疾病的某些风险因素[i]

心血管健康

许多大规模流行病学研究表明,可能患冠状动脉疾病的人群可以通过补充欧米伽3脂肪酸而降低风险。由于EPA和DHA对心血管系统的益处,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)允许EPA和DHA产品在宣传中使用降低冠心病风险相关字样。建议心肌梗塞后康复的人群每日摄入约1克的EPA和DHA以保护心脏。欧米伽3脂肪酸降低心血管疾病风险的机制仍在研究中。 [lii]

减少关节炎症

在关节和肌肉组织中,EPA维持着健康的炎症水平。一项科学研究的结果建议关节炎患者每天服用含有n-3脂肪酸的膳食补充剂3至6克,坚持12周以上。营养补剂不应取代标准医学治疗,而应加入其中。服用欧米伽3补剂3-4个月后患者可以在医生的监督下尝试减少其药物剂量。不过,值得注意的是,生活中存在多种类型的关节炎,而证明欧米伽3功效的临床研究仅在类风湿性关节炎患者中开展。[liii]

强健大脑

在“营养学杂志”上发表的一项研究阐述了高水平DHA与改善中年成人认知水平的相关性。[liv]  其他一些科学研究也表明,在一生中摄取更多DHA的人在衰老阶段具有更好的认知功能。

对孕期与哺乳期的益处

对于孕期至出生后一年的婴儿,DHA对其大脑、眼睛及神经的发育至关重要。然而,孕妇若食用生鱼或半熟鱼肉会有引发食源性疾病的风险,如李斯特菌感染。因此,选择高品质欧米伽3油品是理想的解决方案,对孕妇同样安全。加拿大为所有天然保健产品,包括鱼油和海洋生物油设立了具体标准。一些研究表明,摄入欧米伽3的孕妇具有稳定的劳动能力,且能在分娩后保持良好的精神状态。此外,孩子也会具有更完善的免疫系统,并在各项测试中表现更佳。 [lv] [lvi] [lvii]

克服情绪障碍

由于欧米伽3主要集中在大脑中,它们对精神健康具有显著影响。我们大脑的60%是脂肪,仅的DHA一项就占大脑皮层的约百分之20(20%)。[lviii] 科学研究的结果表明,在抑郁期,我们的脑部会发生欧米伽3脂肪酸的异常代谢。[lix] 这就是为什么我们需要补充DHA,因为我们通过饮食获取必须的欧米伽3脂肪酸,以改善和保护大脑功能。

欧米伽3脂肪酸还有其他益处?

 心血管  炎症/关节  大脑
  • 心脏病
  • 冠心病
  • 中风
  • 胆固醇
  • 高血压
  • 动脉粥样硬化
  • 降低甘油三酯水平
  • 类风湿关节炎
  • 克罗恩病
  • 溃疡性结肠炎
  • 囊性纤维化
  • 全身性红斑狼疮
  • 炎症
  • 阿尔兹海默症
  • 认知功能衰退
  • 情绪&焦虑
  • 抑郁
  • 精神紧张
  • 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)
 孕妇/婴儿发育  癌症  其他
  • 孕期
  • 哺乳期
  • 婴儿的免疫系统
  • 产后健康
  • 语言
  • 学习
  • 前列腺健康
  • 肠道健康
  • 乳腺健康
  • 肺部健康
  • 增强肌力
  • 保持肌耐力
  • 糖尿病
  • 免疫系统
  • 呼吸健康
  • 眼部健康
  • 皮肤(皮癣,痤疮,湿疹)

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